Archive material
Last updated February 16, 1998
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About examples. Often it is more easy and interesting to study many
examples than
to learn "directly" a general rule. I am collecting different cases: solutions generated by
TRIZ-based tools, ideas generated without TRIZ, historical examples, predictions, and so on.
Common for cases is that every example contains some general wisdom.
Recommendation 1: Collect your own examples of good solutions (and good problems)
Recommendation 2: If you have TechOptimizer Pro software, or IM-Phenomenon Pro SW
compare own examples with the database and examples generated by SW
Recommendation 3: Enjoy the collection "40 Inventive Principles With Examples" by Karen Tate
and Ellen Domb. The collection is available in
TRIZ Journal.
List of all examples
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Solutions and ideas developed by tools of TRIZ
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Trimming examples
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Feature transfer examples
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To the beginning
Plants as Solar Collector. A greenhouse is an old innovation.
A solar
collector is a well-known device, too. A new Danish energy house combines both
technologies. When the sun shines thorough the glass-fsade of a greenhouse, the
evaporation of plants increases. Pipes filled with cold water are mounted under the
ceiling. Vapor from the plants condenses on the pipes and gives off evaporation heat
to the water inside. Water in the pipes is circulated to a heat pump, which sends the
energy into the heating system. The condensation is returned to the plants.
(CADDETT Renewable Energy Newsletter, June 1997, pp. 23-24).
General principles: feature transfer, bisystem
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Sweet veggies. Vegetables are healthy. The problems is that many
people,
especially children, prefer junk food. A frozen-foods chain in Britain and Ireland has
introduced chocolate-coated carrots and other vegetables with lucrative additives
(Newsweek May 12, 1997).
See also:
Healthy salt
Compare: new substance onto the object (TechOptimizer Prediction)
General principles: feature transfer, bisystem, additives
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Escalator. An escalator combines advantages of a staircase and a lift. One
donīt
need to wait in a staircase, but climbing is tiring. The lift donīt require footwork,
but moves people only in batches. The escalator moves continuously people, who can stay
on the ladders. The modern escalator itself combines the pluses of two early types of
escalators: Seebergīs escalator and Renoīs elevator. Seebergīs escalator had ladders, but
the passanger should step sideways to get on and off. Renoīs allowed to step right on and
off, but had uncomfortable inclined slats, instead of steps. The escalator we now use has
ladders, and you can step right on and off.
General principles: feature transfer, bisystem, the spiral of evolution
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Peat collection. If dry peat is collected by a bulldozer, the underlying damp
peat is
collected, too. If the suction by vacuum devices is used, peat can be extracted without removing
any damp peat, but the technology is costly. The new bulldozer blade combines the pluses of
both technologies. The air is blowed out of the plow thereby lifting the dry peat which is then
carried away by the blade.
General principles: feature transfer, bisystem
To the list,
TRIZ examples,
Feature transfer examples
Windshield molding without squeak and "buzz". Lynch, Saltsman and
Young, Ford
Motor Company, have developed by tools of TRIZ molding solutions that eliminate both
squeak and flutter. The solutions require neither additional materials, nor additional assembly
labor. Some new conceptual directions: composite material, multiple filaments, rolling lip,
tubular lip edge, bi-material, anti-wing shape. A detailed report is published in
TRIZ Journal.
General ideas: innovative principles, evolution trends, trimming trend
To the list,
TRIZ examples,
Trimming examples
Direct landing to Mars. For 30 years the spacecraft always
slipped into
orbit around the moon or the target planet, and only after few loops landed.
In July 1997, however, Pathfinder plunged directly into the atmosphere of
Mars without taking a single orbit to slow down.
General ideas: trimming trend
To the list,
Trimming examples
Parachute for an aeroplane. British Aircraft Corporation
patented
in 1977 a parachute for landing of unmanned aeroplanes. The whole plane is
slowly laid down by a parachute. Maybe manned aeroplanes and even passenger
liners will be in the future rescued by parachutes?
General ideas: feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Bees as cleaning workers. One of my friends kept some
years
ago bees in his summer residence. Once a glassy honey jar broke and 5 kg sticky
honey run on the carpet of his car. My friend drove the car to the side of the hives.
Soon the bees collected all the honey from the carpet.
General ideas: biological effects, segmentation trend
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
Bicycle. Historically a bicycle evolved as a mechanical horse.
First
bikes were called hobbyhorses. They provided horseless persons with some
features of horse riding. Logically the bicycle is the bisystem of two wheels. It
can also be considered as a four-wheeler after the trimming of two wheels.
General ideas: bisystem, trimming trend
To the list,
Trimming examples,
Feature transfer examples
Continuous casting. Continuous casting produces an endless
length of steel.
Steel, while still hot, may be rolled. The production and soaking of ingots are
omitted.
General ideas: trimming trend, principle "continuity of useful action"
To the list,
Trimming examples
Wheel. The prototype of a wheel is believed to have been
the combination
of a roller and a sledge. As the sledge moved forward over the first roller, a second
one was placed under the front end. Then the roller was replaced by an axle, and
holes for the axle were bored through a "sledge" or a frame. Wheels were disks
fixed to the axle. Later, the axle was fastened so that it could not turn, and the
wheels revolved on its ends. The combination of a rectilinearly moving cart and
a rotating disk is actually the invention we name the invention of wheel, not a
disk alone.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Doping of semiconductors.
The addition of small amounts of impurities into pure
semiconductor improves its conductivity. For example, doping silicon with
phosphorous gives the semiconductor of n-type, and doping with boron the
semiconductor of p-type. The doping technology transformed
semiconductors
from a laboratory curiosity into the basic material of electronics. Compare
with TechOptimizer software: The first prediction (Prediction module) in the
Prediction Tree is "using new substances in object".
General ideas: additives
To the list
Digital photography. Digital photography allows in professional
studios to get
high-quality image files without films, processing and scanning. Soon the development
of low-cost, high-quality color inkjet printers will make home digital photography affordable.
People will print their own photos rather than take them for processing. Messy chemicals
or a darkroom will not be needed. There are predictions that home printers will work
with digital cameras and a docking station, bypassing the computer completely -
the combination of a camera and a printer.
General ideas: trimming trend, bisystem
To the list,
Trimming examples,
Feature transfer examples
Flexible cylinder block . Saab is testing a gasoline engine with a
changing
volume and compression ratio. The upper part of a block is connected to the lower
one by a joint and flexible seals. By tilting the upper part one can change
the compression ratio. High efficiency can be achieved on partial loads, too.
Compare with TechOptimizer software: Prediction, trends, example of steering-wheel
shaft
General ideas: dynamization trend , dynamics principle
To the list
Integrated circuit. An integrated circuit or microchip, invented
by Jack S.
Kilby in 1958, allows to combine millions of circuits to one integrated circuit.
The integrated circuit can then be used and considered as one component.
General ideas: trend mono-bi-poly, spiral of evolution
To the list
Rotational motion sensor. Julian Blosiu (the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, NASA),
Bruce R. Youmans and James Kowalick used TRIZ/TIPS to improve an integrated
optical rate sensor. The device is the rotational motion sensor using the so called Sagnac
effect. In the effect the phase difference of light depends on the rotation rate.
Wave guides should be long to get sensitivity, and they should be short to decrease
light loss. Blosiu generated solutions to this contradiction.
About Sagnac effect: TechOptimizer, Effects module
General ideas: physical conflict, effects
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
Tulip - a concept of city transport. Peugeot and Citroen in France are
developing
a small, electric city car. However, the most important is the idea how to use a
car. A customer pays for time and distance, renting the car automatically, with
a small electronic device. The solution combinates the pluses of two ways to have the
car: owning and renting. Compare with the cooperatives for car and boat sharing in
Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany and America. Compare with shared time use of
big computers. Compare with libraries - shared use of books. Here is the trend
worth to observe.
General ideas: increased ideality, bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Polymers. Polymeric materials: thermoplastics, thermosets and
elastomers
are ubiquitous. They are a clear example of a polysystem.
General ideas: trend mono-bi-poly
To the list
Fiber reinforced materials. Combinations of fibers and matrix
materials are
"classical" composites: refinforced concrete, vehicle tires, glass fiber reinforced plastics
etc. Wood is a natural composite: a matrix of lignin reinforced by tubes.
General ideas: separation of features in structure, innovative principles: use of composites.
To the list
Prions. Stanley B. Prusiner, got the Nobel prize in medicin in 1997
for
discovering prions. Prions are a new class of proteins. They can cause for example
a mad cowīs disease. Prusider presented the idea of prions in 1982. Many experts
considered the prion concept crazy. Compare
Penicillin
General ideas: an S-curve of innovation.
To the list
Optical fibre in a water tube. The city of Tokio has proved mounting
optical
fibres for telephone set in water tubes. One doesnīt need to dig streets.
General ideas: Bisystem, transition to a higher system level, resources of environment.
To the list
Soluble bone nail. A research team in Tampere, Finland, developed
in 1980s
a polymer nail for fasting broken bones. When the bone gradually is cured, the
polymer simultaneously dissolves in tissues. A second operation for removing of
nail is not needed.
General ideas: Separation of contrary features in time. Easily transformable substances.
To the list
Zone melting. When a series of short molten zones are
passed
through an impure ingot, impurities are trapped in the liquide phase (Pfann 1951).
The process has been important for the development of semiconductors and electronics.
General ideas: physical contradiction, phase transition
To the list
Penicillin. Mould that is known usually as harmful substance
is used
as a drug (Fleming 1929). The idea was accepted only ten years later.
General ideas: "Blessing in disguise" or "Turn Lemons into Lemonade"
To the list
Welding device as a fire extinguisher. Fire is a common problem
in welding
work. A Finnish inventor introduced in 1997 an elegant solution. Inert gases, as carbon
dioxide or argon, are used in welding and are always available. A welding device is
provided with a simple system that can blast an inert gas with high pressure.
General ideas: use of resources, universality principle, use of inert atmosphere, bisystem
To the list
Surface Effect Ship. The Surface Effect Ship is a ship with two
parallel
hulls separated by an air cushion. The ship has the high speed of an air cushion vehicle,
and the stability of an conventional mono-hull ship or catamaran.
General ideas: alternative system, bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Radial tire. A radial tire combines the pluses of simple pneumatic
tire in the,
used in the wheels of old horse-carts. The belt inside the radial tire is actually the permutation
of an iron tire. A radial tire combines the durability of iron and the elasticity of rubber.
The radial tire was invented already in 1914 by Christian Gray and Thomas Sloper, but
was not generally accepted until in 1970s, 55 years later.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Computer network. Internet and other computer networks are today
taken for
granted, but in the end of 1960s and in the beginning of 1970s the idea to connect with
each other was rejected by many experts. For example, AT&T and IBM considered that
computer networks are impossible and useless.
General ideas: trend mono-bi-poly, multiplication
To the list
Composite Concept Vehicle. Chrysler presented in 1997 CCV - Composite
Concept
Vehicle. The body of the prototype is made of the same thermoplastic compound used in soft-
drink bottles. Material is remeltable and reusable. The number of parts is 1100, compared with
4 000 in a conventional car. A body is assembled from only four parts. The idea is to make a
cheape car capable to compete with mopeds and scooters.
General ideas: trimming trend
To the list,
Trimming examples
Laser as a dentistīs drill. Laser drill instead a diamond one, introduced in
1990s,
allows to cut into the tooth with less pain, vibration and noise.
General ideas: tool segmentation trend
To the list
Accordion door in a ferry. Anders Killander and Valeri Sushkov used
TRIZ for the study
of safety problems in ferries. To improve safety the deck should be divided to many
parts by walls , but walls prevents vehicles to move. The accordion wall was a solution that
the company Kvaerner Ships Equipment is now developing further (Teknisk Tidskrift 1996:19,
in Swedish).
General ideas: dynamization trend
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
Gore-Tex and its followers. Gore-Tex, from W.L. Gore, is the most
well-known
waterproof/breathable fabrics. It is a thin film, made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
with 9 billion microscopic pores per inch. Each of the pores is 20 000 times smaller than a drop
of water, yet 700 times larger than a water-vapor molecule. Rain drops are too big to penetrate
while vapor is easily expelled.
General ideas: void, segmentation trend
Effects: porous materials
Compare with
Capillary filtration
To the list
Zero. Why zero is so important? An enormous effect is achieved using
"nothing".
It is difficult to imagine mathematics, digital technology, electrotechnology or computers without
zero.
General ideas: void, bisystem, ideal final results
Effects: vacuum, foam, capillary effects, porous materials
Other examples: positive charges (there are no electrons), holes in semiconductor, hollow beams
To the list
Semiconductors . Why semiconductors are so important? The semiconductor
solves
a contradiction conductor-insulator. A diod separates conducting and insulating properties in direction
or in space. A transistor separates conducting and insulating properties in time. The required
conductivity or resistance is achieved by
doping of semiconductors.
General ideas: physical conflict, separation of features in space, separation of features in time
To the list
Echelon. It is well-known that two bicycle riders can go faster
than one
rider by drafting, when the rider in front acts as a windbreak for the one behid. A large
echelon is much faster than a solo rider, although no rider has to give 100 per cent
effort for long. Electronics allows to use the same idea in car and truck driving.
General ideas: mono-bi-poly, multiplication
Examples in TechOptimizer Pro (Prediction): doubled bearing, trench isolation structures
(two trenches), poly turbo-brill, etc.
To the list
New piston rod. Hansjurgen Linde developed using WOIS, the
German
version of TRIZ, a new piston rod. In traditional manufacturing a better quality of fit
requires more machining processes and more costs. The solution was a piston rod with
cracked mating surfices, micro form fit without machining. The joint is broken, then
reassembled.
General ideas: separation of features in time, trimming of operations
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples,
Trimming examples
Foamed metal in a mobile telephone. Foam is one of physical effects
included
in Invention Machine Effects database. While at Ericsson, Anders Killander used foam
to improve the metal frame of a mobile telephone. The frame should be heavy, to absorb
electromagnetic field, an it should be light, to match the requirements of user.
Foamed aluminium is light and at the same time has good electromagnetic properties
(Forskning & Framtid, 6 Sept 1996, in Swedish).
General ideas: foam, void, segmentation trend
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
Map turned upside-down. The northbound ride using a map is rather
easy, but
southbound is uncomfortable. A British company Upside Down Map has released in 1997 the
British atlas that lets you drive up page from North to South. It also includes conventional
map for north-bound drivers. Compare with automobile doors. In a conventional car all
four doors open forward. In some new designs two rear doors open backward.
General ideas: separation of features in space, bisystem, principle "The other way round"
To the list
Two-level city. A city with two floors: A first floor is for cars, a second
one is
for living, for pedestrians .
General ideas:
Combination of alternative and opposite systems
Separation of contradictory requirements in space
Principle "another dimension"
In detail:
Future City,
Many Pluses
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples,
Feature transfer examples
Combination of paper and computer disk. Electronic draft paper or an electronic
"reading
device". Paper which can be used many times. A printer which writes, erases and rewrites.
Or screen only for reading, as easy to handle as a book.
In detail:
Two Pluses
To the list
Genuine hybrid, car of the future?
Which concept of car will win? Conventional cars with a combustion
engine, and electric cars are well-known existing designs. Why not to combine them and make
a hybrid? I mean the genuine hybrid car, in which the engine is coupled with an electric generator.
A generator and an engine are not parallel systems. An electric generator/motor is working all the
time and gets energy from a combustion engine or from a battery. The concept of the hybrid car
are nearly as old as conventional designs. Ferdinand Porsche presented the hybrid already in the
year 1900. The interesting question is: why not to use a good concept which already exists?
Actually the basic system is the most ordinary car which incorporates an electric generator and
a modest battery from electric car. A good example of alternative systems combination!
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Thermo-electric generator of Killander. To make electric energy available
to families
living off the grid in Northern Sweden, Anders Killander and his team have developed a small
generator using the Seebeck effect. The case demonstrates how to find available physical effects.
Details in Killanderīs paper, see
TRIZ Journal January 1997.
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
Valdmanīs pizza box. The new form of the pizza box has already become
the archetypal
example of what the new innovative technology of design can give. Michael Valdman made the
bottom of the box concave, and created small, molded pyramids rising from the bottom. The new
box keeps pizza hot and crispy three times longer than the conventional one, without extra cost.
The number of patent: US 5423477, you can find it in
IBM Patent Server
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
For cleaning - dry ice and more. Cleaning by dry ice as a commercial technology is introduced
not very long ago (for example trademark Cryonomic). So one of predictions in Invention Machine
is coming true. Look at Predicton Tree in the Prediction module and there the group "New
substances". You find the standard "New substances instead of object" and example "Abrasive
cleaning". In the example is described an old Russian patent, which recommends dry ice for
cleaning. So old patents can give valuable information of the future.
Dry ice is already history. What about future? Letīs make a new prediction.Cleaning by sand,
water and dry ice are available technologies. A screen Trends of Evolution in the IM-Prediction
shows "field" as the following step. Will we see soon "cleaning by a field"? Some years ago I
read in OMNI (November 1994) that Ashok Kumar, a metallurgist from Engineering
Research Laboratories in Illinois, USA, proposes microwave heat for cleaning lead-painted
surfaces. The surface is sprayed with a slurry of powdered glass and a microwave enhancer
like iron oxide or carbon. A sort of microwave gun heats the paint, which causes the lead ions
to migrate from the paint to the slurryīs glass particles, where they are harmlessy trapped. The
technology can be used, for instance, to remove lead-based paint from bridges. Conventional
techniques are costly because the entire bridge must be covered to contain the dangerous dust.
To the list
Transducer for nuclear reactor. Vladimir Gerasimov thought up in 1980s
a simple
and reliable indicator which is important for regulating the power of a nuclear reactor. The principle
of the transducer is simple: an iron core moves vertically inside the induction coil. An
electromagnetic induction signals of a position of fuel element. The problem: if the iron core
is attached to the upper end of an element by a simple rod, then a high building structure
is required since the element has a vertical movement capability of over 3 meters. The
movement of the core can be reduced by screw transmission, but the design becomes
more complex, having many movable parts, and consequently, is less reliable. American
companies used a screw transmission. In the former Soviet Union was used a screw
transmission. The principle of solution was simple: The rod was turned upside down
and placed inside the upper part of the fuel element. The benefits of both prototypes
were retained and drawbacks disappeared.
New indicators have already been working for seven years without failure in many nuclear
reactors in Russia and the Ukraine.
Compare
Elevator without machine room
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer, trimming
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples,
Trimming examples,
Feature transfer examples
Road as heat accumulator. A pilot project in Switzerland aimes to
store
the solar energy from road surfaces for re-use in winter. By the summer sun the road surface is
heated to 60 degC and more. A system of pipes, filled by a mixture of glycol and water, collects
heat. Mathematical modelling indicates that about 70 % of solar energy can be recovered
to heat, which can be used toe heat water in homes, sports facilities, baths, hotels and other
places. Source of information: CADDET Renewable Energy Newsletter, Jan 1995, pp. 25-27.
General ideas: use of unvisible resources
To the list
Plate and shell heat exchanger. A Finnish company Vahterus Oy
has developed
a plate and shell heat exhanger (PSHE). It is a plate heat exchanger, with a tubular steel shell.
PSHE units combine the heat transfer efficiency of a plate-and-frame-heat-exchanger and
the strengh of the shell-and-tube heat exhanger.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
"Free" energy from ferrochromium. A Finnish company
Outokumpu Steel
has introduced a new concept in energy conservation. Combustible contents of one or the
ingredients of stainless steel - silicon and carbon - are used as energy source. The energy
is used to melt the scrap which is an additive to stainless steel. Formerly all the scrap
was melted in electrically powered furnaces.
General ideas: use of invisible substance and field resources
To the list
Elevator without machine room. Elevator manufactures
(for example
Schindler and Kone) have introduced elevator systems which need no machine room.
A Finnish company Kone made the elevator drive gearless and compact enough for it
to be placed inside the lift shaft. Compare
Transducer for nuclear reactor
General idea: trimming
To the list,
Trimming examples
Better vacuum cleaner. A team lead by Michael Waldman
used Invention
Machine software to dream up a vacuum cleaner that sucks powerfully but is easy to
push. IM Principles suggested using "pulsation". With that prompting, Waldman
thought of cycling the suction on and off rapidly. He built a prototype that require
60 % less pushing force. The Effects module suggested various ways to get rid of
something - in this case, dust. One of suggestions was ultrasound.
General idea: Rhythm coordination
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
Ideal air bag. How to make an air bag that saves
occupantsī lives
in collisions and donīt injure passengers? No-compromise solutions, developed
by the tools of TRIZ, are discussed in the papers:
- J. Kowalick. "No-compromise" Design Solutions to the Air Bag Fatalities Problem,
TRIZ Journal, July 1997
- E. Domb. Contradictions: Air Bag Applications,
TRIZ Journal, July 1997
For example: inflating the air bag faster, so that is no longer harmful by the time the person
reaches it.
General ideas: evolution trends, contradiction, solution principles
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
Self-service. Self-service combines the pluses of two service concepts:
maximally
individual service when there is a service person for every client, and non-existing
service when there is no service personnel at all.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Mountain bike. Charlie Kelly and Gary Fisher introduced the
mountain
bike in the beginning of 1980s in California. A new bike appeared as the ugly duckling: heavy
frame, fat tires, heavy-duty brakes. Bicycle manufactures rejected it instantly. However, the
new bicycle was improved, a grassroot mountain bike industry grew, and at the end
established manufactures, too, accepted it.
General idea: polysystem, more in
K. Rantanen. "Polysystem Approach to TRIZ."
The TRIZ Journal, Sept., 1997
Healthy salt. Many people like the taste of common salt or
NaCl.
Unfortunately NaCL has harmful side effects. It is one cause of hypertension. Potassium
chlorid Kcl is healthy, but has a disgusting taste. The salt containing both salts, 50...60 %
NaCl and 30...40 % Kcl, is more healthy and has the same taste as NaCl.
General ideas: alternative system, bisystem, feature transfer
Compare: software TechOptimizer Pro, Prediction module, additives, multiplication
See also:
Sweet veggies
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Capillary filtration. A Finnish company Outokumpu Mintec has
developed the
capillary filtration technology. The capillary filter is similar to a conventional vacuum filter.
The difference is that as filter material ceramic plates are used instead of filter cloths.
The water flows through the filter material, but the air is prevented by the capillary
action of micropores. So the water moving through filter works at the same time as a seal.
Energy savings may be 90 % compared with a conventional vacuum filter.
General ideas: use of invisible resources, use of porous materials, principle of
discarding and recovering - "water seal" is discarded and recovered all the time.
Compare with
Gore-Tex and its followers .
To the list
Bottle from PET plastic. The 1.5-liter bottle made from PET
(polyethylene terephtalate)
weighs a whole 45 grams, wonīt fracture, and can be easily recycled.
General ideas: dynamization trend, increased ideality
To the list
Avoiding "red eye". Michael Vaynshtein used IM software
to create a mechanical
device that raises a pocket cameraīs flash far enough from the lens to avoid "red"
eye". The software pointed him to a system that keeps floating logs aligned. Some
wires held the logs together. That led him to a spring-loaded system of disks that
raises and lowers the flash. The patent for this unit was the first US patent on a
TRIZ-generated device. The number of patent: US 5486886, you can find it in
IBM Patent Server
General ideas: feature transfer across industries and sciences
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples
New bicycle wheel. A conventional spoke wheel is strong and light,
but difficult
to manufacture. Simple disk wheels are heavy, disk wheels from high tech materials are
expensive. V. Gerasimov and S. Litvin developed by tools of TRIZ a wheel with two
disks under tension. The solution combines the pluses of simple disk wheel and a spoke
wheel: light, strong, easy to manufacture.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
To the list of TRIZ examples,
Feature transfer examples
Direct injection engine. Gasoline direct injection engine combines
the fuel
economy of a diesel with the power of a conventional petrol engine.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Quartz watch without battery. Quartz technology made watches
cheaper,
easier to manufacture and more accurate. New watches, however, had one minus: a
battery. An inevitable step in the evolution was the combination of the pluses of
the new and old technology. For example, Seiko kinetic transforming the movements
of hand to electrical power, and light-powered Citizen Eco-Drive.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer, spiral-like evolution, use of invisible resources
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
Soft-touch scissors. Fiskarsī famous "classic" scissors are easy
to use,
but a new problem appears: right-handed and left-handed users need different scissors.
The Soft-Touch scissors of the same company can be used without strain, and the same
scissors can be used with right and left hand as well.
General ideas: bisystem, feature transfer, spiral-like evolution
To the list,
Feature transfer examples
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